← Knowledge universe

VIII — Sources, Media & AI

Evaluating sources in an age of infinite plausible text

Primary vs secondary sources, incentives, engagement algorithms, and how to interrogate a language model.

Epistemic status · Strong Evidence

Follow the incentive

Ask what the source gains from you believing this. Attention, money, status and identity all shape what gets published and what gets amplified.

Lateral reading

Do not evaluate a source from inside itself. Leave the page and see what independent parties say about it. This is the single highest-yield habit in media literacy.

Should you believe an AI?

A language model produces fluent plausible text, which is not the same as accurate text. Fluency is not evidence. Verify citations independently — confident phrasing carries no information about truth.

Practice

Take one claim you learned online this week and trace it back to its primary source.

TEST A BELIEF

Next

Six theories of truth, and why the fight matters